KIR3DL1 and viral encephalitis: Our finding of an association between the AA KIR haplotype and development of acute encephalitis is a novel finding in the setting of acute viral encephalitis, but it is consistent with findings from other studies regarding a higher rate of CMV reactivation in the bone marrow transplantation clinical setting in subjects carrying AA KIR haplotype [17], whereas in a further study in the setting of kidney transplantation, the rate of CMV reactivation was inversely correlated with the number of activating KIRs [18].