CCL2 and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia and both hemodynamic and oxidative stress are the main inducers of the inflammatory response in DMC through activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and other chemokines locally recruit monocyte/macrophages that are predominantly of the M1 proinflammatory phenotype.