TSHR and thyrotoxicosis: GD is the predominant AITD and is caused by autoantibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) augmenting its action and inducing thyrotoxicosis; however, two other autoantibodies, directed to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg), may also occur and share classical marker of HT (Fountoulakis and Tsatsoulis 2004).