Furthermore, addition of α-KG, but not succinate, induced an increase of ABCG2 mRNA and protein levels in A549-IR and P lines (Fig. 5e and Supplementary Figure S7C), and flow cytometry showed that α-KG increased the percent of CD338+ cells from 3.13 to 4.9 (Fig. 5f), indicating that α-KG might induce cancer stem-like properties through triggering AhR signaling pathway. The gene discussed is AHR; the disease is cancer.