TNF and Infertility: The accumulation of cytokines and their soluble receptors such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1/2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the SP has been observed in semen samples of both fertile and infertile men [38, 66, 67, 69].