Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of other growth factors in venous ulcers—epidermal growth factor (EGF) [59], human growth factor [60], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) [61], and transforming growth factor-beta2) [62]—have not demonstrated significant improvements in ulcer healing. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is ulcer disease.