TNF and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Then multiinflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 released into blood will trigger or aggravate systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which will lead to more seriously intestinal injury, enhance intestinal permeability and IAP, and induce IAH, abdominal compartment syndrome, and MODS.[22,27] Therefore, to protect intestines and reduce the inflammatory response and IAP in septic patients, it is necessary to blockade or decrease the injury in intestines and production of proinflammatory mediators.