EGFR and urinary bladder carcinoma: We anticipate that the developed EIMPDNEs are able to (1) effectively protect the encapsulated ICG from aqueous degradation that is caused by external stimuli, such as pH, light, and/or heat [30,34], (2) possess EGFR binding specificity with EGFR-expressing bladder cancer cells to reduce off-target cytotoxicity caused by MMC, and (3) provide effective cancer cell eradication with reduced chemotoxicity, because multiplex photochemotherapeutics may decrease the efficacious dose of the anticancer drug when compared with the dose that is required in chemotherapy alone.