In addition, several studies have reported that under excessive oxidative stress conditions, DJ-1 is oxidized as SO3H at cysteine 46 (C46), cysteine 53 (C53), and cysteine 106 (C106) residues, which is an inactive form of DJ-1 observed in brains of patients with PD and Alzheimer’s disease (Bandopadhyay et al. 2004; Choi et al. 2006; Kinumi et al. 2004; Zhou et al. 2006). The gene discussed is PARK7; the disease is Parkinson disease.