Besides, a study carried out in human with hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets showed that calcium absorption was highly dependent on vitamin D from infancy until the end of puberty, however hereditary 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin-D-resistant rickets patients have normal plasma renin activity, without any indications of hypertension or gross heart abnormities, such as reduced contractility or hypertrophy, at least until the age of 37 years (17). Here, REN is linked to rickets.