High doses of NAM N-oxide have been reported to affect the differentiation of leukemia cells (Iwata et al., 2003), and metabolites of NAM clearance were proposed as potential biomarkers of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR) activation, having a key role in fatty acid β-oxidation (Zhen et al., 2007). Here, PPARA is linked to leukemia.