Pivotal trials of erlotinib demonstrated meaningful improvements in both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR) compared with the standard platinum-doublet chemotherapy in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients (Hirsch et al., 2011; La Salvia et al., 2017; Yoshida et al., 2017). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.