In line with this fact, investigation of gene expression data from the microarray demonstrated that lymphocyte-specific genes, such as Cd19, Cd22, Cd79A, B cell activating factor receptor (Baff-R), Burton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and paired box protein 5 (Pax5) for B cells and Cd3ε, Cd3δ, Cd4 and Il2rα for T cells, were downregulated in IL-6Rα-deficient tumours (Figs. 3a and 4a, Supplementary Table 1). Here, PAX5 is linked to neoplasm.