Collectively, these data suggest that further research is needed to determine the role of progesterone on cNF tumour growth, and to elucidate the cNF cell population(s) most affected by progesterone receptor activation.2 Such future research could be enhanced with genomics approaches; for example, using a method such as single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis to detect oestrogen signalling pathways in cNFs, similar to a study that performed the same in colorectal cancer samples.98 The gene discussed is NPHS1; the disease is colorectal cancer.