TNF and dengue disease: The factors most frequently described as showing modified levels during dengue fever/severe dengue include the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A [1,19–26].