Consistent with the presence of S. aureus in the PJI cohort bone, mRNA levels of a number of chemokines stimulated by infection, including CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 (Fig. 2H), were upregulated in bone specimens from the infected acetabulum site of PJI patients but not the uninfected iliac wing. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and juvenile polyposis syndrome.