Our previous studies [30, 32] showed high-expression of TGF-β1 in rat HCC tissues, and abnormality of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway might promote the carcinogenesis of HCC, also indicated that a high level of TGF-β1 foreboded a poor prognosis of in patients with HCC after curative resection. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.