PDE1A and myocardial infarction: PDE1A expression has been found to be significantly upregulated in diseased hearts of various etiologies, such as in mouse hearts with dysfunction induced by chronic ISO infusion, myocardial infarction (MI), and TAC, in rat heart treated with chronic Ang II infusion, as well as in human failing hearts with both dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy [36,45].