The incorporation of iron into APC is in agreement with previous examination of human AD tissues, for example by histology,21 micro particle-induced X-ray emission analysis,34 and MRI.35 The present spectromicroscopy observations in human APC are supported by our recent in vitro Aβ/iron24,25 and ex vivo transgenic APP/PS1 mouse X-ray spectromicroscopy studies.46,66 In the APC presented here, iron was principally evident as sub-micron dense deposits, with no direct correlation between peptide and iron morphology being observed. The gene discussed is APC; the disease is Alzheimer disease.