Given that CD80 has also been hypothesized in the development of other glomerular diseases such as FSGS and diabetic nephropathy [32, 33], its specific role in MCD remains controversial, but these observations strongly suggest that podocyte CD80 activation could represent a response of the podocyte to an antigen, allergen, or hypoxic stimulus. The gene discussed is CD80; the disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.