Both Wnt5A signaling and bacterial infection act together to stimulate LC3BII accumulation, a well known marker of autophagy (44, 45) and LC3B reactive puncta correlate significantly with Wnt5A facilitated bacterial clearance as depicted by bacterial killing assays, western blotting, and confocal microscopy (Figures 3 and 5). The gene discussed is WNT5A; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.