SNCA and Parkinsonism: The mere overexpression of wildtype alpha-synuclein in patients with SNCA multiplications is sufficient to cause parkinsonism and point mutations in the SNCA gene seem to increase alpha-synuclein inclusion formation or its interaction with acidic phospholipids suggesting that alpha-synuclein, when mutated, causes neurodegeneration and parkinsonism via a toxic gain-of-function mechanism (Rajagopalan and Andersen, 2001; Collier et al., 2016).