CD274 and prostate neoplasm: Consequently, to date, immune checkpoint inhibitors have largely failed to produce clinical benefit for the disease, with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4)5 and nivolumab (anti-PD-1)6 monotherapies providing no improvement in overall survival for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite the majority of prostate tumors express high PD-L1 levels7 and the few TILs8 being highly PD-1 positive9,10.