Similar to other immunologically “cold” and unresponsive tumor types, prostate tumors display strong PD-L1 positivity7 and their microenvironment contains scarce8 but high PD-1-expressing TILs9,10, and high levels of Tregs10,30 and M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)31, all of which are linked to disease progression and death. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.