Notably, the intestinal hyper-permeability was associated with portal endotoxemia and increased hepatic/MAT/intestinal macrophage infiltration, inflammation and corresponding cytokines levels (IL-6, MCP-1, F4/80, TNFα, NFκBp65, TNFRI and TLR4) in NASH-V rats (Tables 1 and 2, Figs 2C, 2D, 3 and 4). Here, TLR4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.