Other studies that demonstrate upregulation of ephrin-A3 in NSCLC [29] and inhibitory effects of ephrin-A3 and ephrin-B2 on transactivation of EphA2/EphA3 and EphA3/EphB4, respectively, are indicative of context-dependent aberrations of Eph/ephrin molecules in cancer cells [29, 30]. The gene discussed is EPHA3; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.