Some of these polymorphisms (-2578C>A, -1154G>A, -634G/C and +936C/T) have been related to varying VEGF protein expression and serum VEGFA levels (10,11), in various diseases, such as renal cell carcinomas (12), recurrent pregnancy loss (13), breast cancer (9) and lung cancer (14). Here, VEGFA is linked to renal cell carcinoma.