INS and Hyperinsulinemia: HFHS can not only enlarge the area of islets, creating hyperplasia, it can also increase insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia at earlier times as well as to the destruction of islets, slowly reducing insulin or IAPP secretion at later periods when islet overload occurs (Ruan et al., 2016; Winzell & Ahrén, 2005; Xia et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015).