The association of leptin receptor with poor recurrence-free survival (P=0.09) and cancer-specific survival (P=0.01) by log-rank test was observed, and data from Cox regression analysis further characterized leptin receptor as an independent predictor of poor survival respectively with P=0.011 and 0.006 in upper tract urothelial carcinomas [16]. This evidence concerns the gene LEPR and renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.