Thus, antibody-mediated blockade of CTLA-4 may ultimately prove useful, either alone or in combination with other immune-based manipulations, have been successful employed in patients with metastatic melanoma, advanced prostate and pancreatic carcinomas [57–59], refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [60], early stage breast cancer [61] and we suggested it could be also used to improve the effectiveness of thymoma therapy. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is metastatic melanoma.