CXCL8 and Japanese encephalitis: IL-8 was previously reported in CSF of patients with aseptic meningitis of various etiology [53, 54], and its upregulation has been well documented in JEV infection: it has been detected in serum of persons receiving live attenuated anti-JEV vaccine [55] and in serum and CSF of JE patients, in whom it correlates both with the neutrophil counts and with the disease severity [29, 56, 57].