For example, the activation of neutrophils in contact with JEV and an effective degradation of viral proteins and RNA has been observed in vitro suggesting a protective role [20], but intrathecal expression of a chemokine for neutrophils, IL-8, is associated with a poor prognosis in Japanese encephalitis (JE) in vivo [29]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and Japanese encephalitis.