In multivariate analyses adjusted for BMI and HIV, TB was a risk factor for all types of anemia: aOR 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–8.1, p = 0.03) for anemia based on hemoglobin levels, aOR 3.1 (95% CI 1.2–8.0, p = 0.02) for ACD, and aOR 7.0 (95% CI 0.9–57.0, p = 0.07) for anemia based on hepcidin levels. The gene discussed is HAMP; the disease is anemia (phenotype).