Genes (n = 10) in cluster 2 were entirely labeled as activated stroma (Figure 4A), containing periostin (POSTN), fibronectin 1 (FN1) and collagens (COL10A1, COL11A1), which have already been identified as deregulated in precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer (Erkan et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene COL11A1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.