Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is produced in the metabolic pathways of many Lactobacillae, and Bifidobacteriae may also be an interesting target in T2 DM and in T1 DM, since in experimental cell-culture studies, it has shown protective effects in β-cells and increases β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion [125,126]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.