TLR3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Finally, the importance of TLR signalling for macrophage proinflammatory mediator secretion in COPD is also illustrated by the downregulation of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 [147, 154, 158] as a result of the attenuation of TLR3 activation [158].