They identified the largest overlap in differentially expressed genes between lung transcriptome of bleomycin-induced fibrosis and IPF human lungs and identified 12 genes (C6, CTHRC1, CTSE, FHL2, GAL, GREM1, LCN2, MMP7, NELL1, PCSK1, PLA2G2A, and SLC2A5) as translational markers of disease activity. This evidence concerns the gene GREM1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.