LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Adademir et al. found lower IL-18 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in adults who underwent pulsatile flow on cardiopulmonary bypass (both markers of renal injury) compared to non-pulsatile flow (21), but there is a paucity of data regarding clinical development of AKI using these different modalities.