Among studied cytokines, some were associated with general susceptibility to T. cruzi infection (IFN-γ, MIF, IL-4, TNF, TGF-β, and IL-18) and others with cardiomyopathy development (TNF, IL-1, BAT1, MCP-1, LT-α, IL-12, and IL-10) [34]. Here, TNF is linked to cardiomyopathy.