TLR9 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Ghamlouch et al. (21) showed that cell cycle entry during CLL B-cell differentiation into ASPC in PMA- or TLR9-based systems is very low (<5% in S-phase) compared to that observed for differentiating cells in a normal naive and memory human B-cell differentiation system (between 15 and 35% in S-phase) (99, 106, 108, 115).