KRAS and neoplasm: Activation of the NF-κB pathway and its downstream cytokine network had been identified as a key altered pathway on combined oncogenic deletion of K-Ras and Pten. Aberrations in the PTEN/PI3K pathway are thus frequently observed in PDAC which results in activation of tumor-promoting stromal and immune cell populations that shape the PDAC tumor microenvironment (Ying et al., 2011).