Similarly, in the frontal and temporal cortex of AD brain, STMN1 has a reduced expression and preferentially localizes in NFTs (Jin et al., 1996; Cheon et al., 2001), Importantly, the level of STMN1 in N2a/WT cells was higher with Xn treatment (0.19 and 0.75 μM), which suggests the chalcone may have been acting to maintain the neuronal cytoskeleton which, in vivo, may serve to preserve synaptic plasticity (Uchida et al., 2014). Here, STMN1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.