In an SpA animal model, although the development of enthesitis and entheseal new bone formation are largely influenced by IL-17/IL-23 axis, enthesitis is specifically dependent on IL-22 [99], and the IL-22-producing entheseal resident cells have shown to activate osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling [52], suggesting IL-22 may coordinate with the IL-17/IL-23 pathway in inflammatory bone remodeling. The gene discussed is IL23A; the disease is enthesitis.