Our studies also further elucidated the tumor-suppressing functions of PCAF and ADA3: mechanistically, we showed that enhanced cancer cell survival in response to reduced PCAF or ADA3 was related to reduced expression of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting proteins 1 and 2 (PACS1, PACS2), as both the PACS1 and PACS2 genes are regulated epigenetically by PCAF and ADA3, acting in concert15,17. This evidence concerns the gene PACS1 and neoplasm.