AKT1 and Parkinson disease: The aberrant activation of apoptotic signaling pathways in the adult brain is a well-known neurotoxic event that is associated with neuronal loss, such as that observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)6–8, and the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has been shown to elicit neuroprotective effects on the survival and growth of neurons in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) system9–11.