The primary defense against cryptococcosis in immunocompetent hosts is orchestrated by Th1-type CD4+ T-cells (Kawakami et al. 1995, Wozniak et al. 2009, Olszewski et al. 2010) that produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and direct macrophages towards a Th1, classically activated, phenotype (Kawakami et al. 1995). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cryptococcosis.