NLRP3 and multiple sclerosis: NLRP3 inflammasome activation causes a spectrum of neuroinflammation-dependent diseases such as EAE [41], which is a mouse model of the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by CNS autoimmune inflammation associated with the activation of resident microglia and infiltration of encephalitogenic T cells and leukocytes from the periphery [42].