Among them, two SNPs, rs16969968 and rs667282 in CHRNA5, have been widely associated with ND-related phenotypes and lung cancer in subjects of multiancestry, such as Europeans, Africans, and Asian.12–14,17,19,22,24,57,58 In addition, there exists one haplotype consisting of nine variants in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster that is associated marginally with the FTND score and two haplotypes, formed by another nine SNPs in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster, that are associated marginally with both the FTND and smoking status. The gene discussed is CHRNA5; the disease is lung carcinoma.