In keeping with this hypothesis, overexpression of the translation inhibitor 4E-BP dramatically suppressed pathological phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease (Tain et al., 2009), and inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin abolished cognitive defects and reduced β-amyloid levels in a murine Alzheimer's disease model (Spilman et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.