Further, SOD activity was significantly downregulated in the ALS group and, surprisingly, upregulated in the NALS group (Fig. 4C; *P<0.05, NC versus NALS; **P<0.01, NC versus ALS; $$P<0.01, SC versus ALS; ###P<0.001, NALS versus ALS), while GR activity remained unaltered (Fig. 4D). Here, GSR is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.