AR and prostate carcinoma: These studies have collectively shown that the most frequent genomic events in prostate cancer are the amplification or mutation of the androgen receptor, loss of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene, and the genomic rearrangement events surrounding the oncogenic transcription factor ERG. Particularly, loss of PTEN was associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in prostate cancer 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.