In SSc, VCAM‐1 has been found expressed in endothelial cells and in skin biopsy specimens,43 while ICAM‐1 expressed in fibroblasts,43, 44 and infiltrating mononuclear cells.45 Anti‐endothelial antibodies (AECAs) are a heterogeneous class of antibodies that have been identified in the serum of 44%‐84% of SSc patients.46 AECAs are able to activate endothelial cells (EC), induce the expression of adhesion molecules and trigger EC apoptosis in the presence of NK cells in vitro.47 This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and systemic sclerosis.